Types of Taxes

ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱫᱚᱵᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱟ, ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱪᱩᱨ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱥᱤᱞ. The difference comes in the way these taxes are implemented. ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ, ᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ, ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱴ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱪᱩᱨ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱥᱮᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ, ᱟᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ.

1. Direct Taxes

2. Indirect Taxes

But, besides these two conventional taxes, there are also other taxes that have been brought into effect by the Central Government to serve a particular agenda. ‘Other taxes’ are levied on both direct and indirect taxes such as the recently introduced Swachh Bharat Cess tax, Krishi Kalyan Cess tax, and infrastructure Cess tax among others.

1. Direct Tax

Direct tax, as stated earlier, are taxes that are paid directly by you. These taxes are levied directly on an entity or an individual and cannot be transferred onto anyone else. One of the bodies that overlooks these direct taxes is the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) which is a part of the Department of Revenue. It has, to help it with its duties, the support of various acts that govern various aspects of direct taxes.

Some of these acts are:

· Income Tax Act:

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ 1961ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱤ. ᱴᱤ. ᱟᱫᱷᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱠ ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱠᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞᱤᱭ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱭᱟ. ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱫᱷᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱥᱟ, ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱩᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱞᱤᱠᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱠ, ᱱᱤᱵᱚᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱵ, ᱮᱢᱟᱱ. This is the act that defines how much the tax benefit on a fixed deposit or a life insurance premium will be. It is also the act that decides how much of your income can you save through investments and what the slab for the income tax will be.

· Wealth Tax Act:

ᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞᱟᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ1951 ᱨᱮ ᱟᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ, ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱠᱩᱴ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱩᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱸᱣ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱸᱫᱷ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱱᱡᱤᱢᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ. ᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱦᱤᱸᱥᱟᱵ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱢᱤᱠᱩᱴ ᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ30 ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱟ, ᱤᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚ 1% ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ 30 ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱟ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ . 2015 ᱨᱮᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱵᱚᱡᱚᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱟᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱮᱱ. ᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱦᱚᱲᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ12% ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱸᱣ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ1ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣᱟ. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞᱚᱠ ᱟ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱴᱮᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ 10 ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱥᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟ. ᱱᱚᱣ ᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱸᱣ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱨᱣᱟ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱰᱛᱤ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱚᱫᱷ ᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱨᱣᱟ ᱭᱟ.

ᱡᱤᱟᱤ. ᱮᱯᱷ. ᱴᱤ. ᱴᱮᱠᱥ ᱟᱫᱷᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ:

ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱷᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ 1958 ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱴ ᱟᱡᱮ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ. ᱱᱚᱸᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ 30% ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ, ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ1998 ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ. ᱮᱛᱚᱵᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱩᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱡᱜᱚᱭᱱᱟ, ᱥᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱞᱮᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ. ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟᱹ, ᱵᱷᱤᱥᱮᱨᱟ, ᱜᱚᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱸᱭ, ᱠᱟᱠᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱞᱮᱠ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ. Even gifts given to you by the local authorities is exempt from this tax. ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ, ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱰ ᱮᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱰᱟ, ᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱭᱟ 50,000 ᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ.

· Expenditure Tax Act:

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ 1987 ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱡ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱴᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱥᱛᱨᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱵ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱥᱟᱸᱣ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱸᱫᱷ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟ. It is applicable to all of India except Jammu and Kashmir. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ 3,000 ᱦᱚᱴᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱴᱩᱨᱮᱸᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱪ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟ.

· Interest Tax Act:

1974 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱫᱷᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱛᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱥᱟᱸᱣ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱸᱫᱷ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟ. ᱟᱫᱷᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱡᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱫᱷᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱥ ᱥᱩᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞᱚᱠ ᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 2000ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ.

Below are some examples for all the different types of direct taxes:

Examples of Direct Taxes

These are some of the direct taxes that you pay

ᱮ) ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ:

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱥ- ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟᱜ ᱢ ᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ. It is the tax that is levied on your earning in a financial year. ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱞᱩ ᱢᱟᱱᱜ ᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱥ ᱥᱞᱮᱵ, ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱞᱮᱠ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ, ᱥᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱜᱮᱫ (ᱴᱤ. ᱰᱤ. ᱮᱥ.) ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱟᱨᱡᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱢᱤ, ᱮᱢᱟᱱ. The tax is applicable to both individuals and companies. ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱦᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱵᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱟ. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱞᱮᱵ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱮᱴᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱫᱤᱠᱟᱛᱮ30% ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱦᱟᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱟ.

ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ, ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ, ᱵᱟᱨᱤᱥᱴ ᱱᱟᱜᱨᱤᱠ ( 60 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 80, ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱪᱟᱱᱮᱪ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱣᱟᱨᱤᱥᱴᱷ ᱱᱟᱜᱨᱤᱠ ( 80ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱥ ᱮᱞᱮᱵ )ᱱᱤᱥᱴᱟ ᱟᱠᱱᱟ.

ᱵᱤ.) ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱜᱮᱱ ᱴᱮᱠᱥ:

This is a tax that is payable whenever you receive a sizable amount of money. It could be from an investment or from the sale of a property. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱟ, ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ36 ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤᱜᱛ ᱞᱟᱵ ᱟᱨ 36ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱣᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤᱜᱛ ᱞᱟᱵ . ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱸᱥᱟᱵ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱪᱱᱮᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱸᱥᱟᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱭᱟ ᱚᱨ ᱟᱢ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ 20%ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ. The interest thing about this tax is that the gain doesn’t always have to be in the form of money. It could also be an exchange in kind in which case the value of the exchange will be considered for taxation.

ᱥᱤ.) ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱛᱤ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ ᱴᱮᱠᱥ:

ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱱᱟᱝᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱱᱩᱜ ᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱟᱢ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱛᱤᱡᱟᱹᱯᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱢᱮ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱢ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱥᱟ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱛᱤ ᱮᱯᱮᱥ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱟ . How this tax is levied is by adding the tax to the price of the share. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱮ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱚᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱮᱢᱟ. All securities traded on the Indian stock exchange have this tax attached to them.

ᱰᱤ.)ᱟᱱᱩᱞᱟᱵ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ:

Perquisites are all the perks or privileges that employers may extend to employees. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱠᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱢᱤᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱽᱝ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱤᱸᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱟᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱮ ᱦᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟ. How this tax is levied is by figuring out how that perk has been acquired by the company or used by the employee. ᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱸᱠᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱷᱤᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱩᱫᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟ, ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱛᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱟᱫᱷᱤᱠᱨᱤᱠ ᱩᱫᱮᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱣᱟᱠ ᱠᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ.

ᱮ) ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱴ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ:

Corporate tax is the income tax that is paid by companies from the revenue they earn. This tax also comes with a slab of its own that decides how much tax the company has to pay. ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ , ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱚᱠᱚᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱥᱣᱟ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ 1 ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱲ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ 1 ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱲ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱠ ᱟ. It is also referred to as a surcharge and is different for different revenue brackets. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱫ ᱦᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱮᱠᱥ 41.2% ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ 10 ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ.

There are four different types of corporate tax. They are:

· Minimum Alternative Tax:

ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱽᱝ ᱮᱢ. ᱮ. ᱴᱤ., ᱢᱩᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱨ ᱣᱤᱵᱷᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱩᱭᱫᱚᱢ 18.5%ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩᱱᱟ. ᱭᱠᱨ ᱟᱫᱸᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ 115 ᱡᱮ. ᱮ. ᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱭᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ. ᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱷᱸ, ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱥᱴᱨᱟᱠ ᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱠᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱸᱣ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱰ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ.

ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱛᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱮᱢ. ᱮ. ᱴᱤ. ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱪ ᱥᱟᱨᱛᱤ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱲ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱴ- ᱟᱯ (ᱥᱟᱦᱚᱵ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ) ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟ.

· Fringe Benefit Tax:

ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱸᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱮᱯᱷᱤᱴ ᱴᱮᱠᱥ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱯᱷ. ᱵᱤ. ᱴᱤ., ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱸᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱮᱠᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱟᱡᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱪᱩᱭᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱴᱟ ᱢᱩᱴᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱞᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ. Some of them include:

ᱟᱤ.) ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱟ ( ᱮᱞ. ᱴᱤ. ᱮ.),ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱞᱟᱹᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱥᱠᱟ ᱨᱚᱢᱚᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱪᱩᱭᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ.

ii) Any regular commute or commute related expense provided by an employer.

iii) ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱣᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱥᱮᱣᱟᱱᱤᱣᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱟᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱭᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ.

iv) ᱟᱪᱩᱭᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱚᱠ ᱮᱯᱴᱟᱛ ᱯᱚᱱᱛᱷᱟ (ᱤ. ᱮᱥ. ᱚ. ᱯᱤ. ᱮᱥ.).

ᱮᱯᱷ. ᱵᱤ. ᱴᱤ. ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱮᱵᱟᱨᱰᱥᱤᱯ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱯᱨᱮᱞ 1, 2005 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ. ᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱭᱤᱡ ᱵᱤᱛ ᱢᱚᱸᱛᱨᱤ ᱯᱨᱱᱵ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱟᱨᱡᱤ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ2009 ᱠᱚᱱᱫᱨᱤᱭ ᱵᱚᱡᱚᱴ ᱥᱛᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ 2009 ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱥᱴᱚ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ.

· Dividend Distribution Tax:

2007’ ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱨᱤᱭ ᱵᱚᱡᱚᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱵᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ. It is basically a tax levied on companies based on the dividend they pay to their investors. This tax is applicable on the gross or net income an investor receives from their investment. ᱱᱮ ᱦᱟᱞᱤ, 15% ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤ. ᱰᱤ. ᱴᱤ. ᱫᱚᱨ ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩᱱᱟ.

· Banking Cash Transaction Tax:

Banking Cash Transaction Tax is yet another form of tax that has been abandoned by the Indian government. ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱵᱮᱸᱠᱤᱸᱜ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱴᱨᱟᱸᱡᱮᱠᱥᱟᱱ ᱴᱮᱠᱥ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱪ ᱴᱮᱠᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯ 2005-2009 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱪ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱯᱷ. ᱮᱢ. ᱯᱨᱟᱱᱟᱵ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱟᱨᱡᱤ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱥᱚᱞᱟᱦ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱮᱯᱥ (ᱰᱮᱵᱤᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ) ᱨᱮ0.1% ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ.

2. Indirect Tax:

By definition, indirect taxes are those taxes that are levied on goods or services. They differ from direct taxes because they are not levied on a person who pays them directly to the government, they are instead levied on products and are collected by an intermediary, the person selling the product. The most common examples of indirect tax Indirect tax can be VAT (Value Added Tax), Taxes on Imported Goods, Sales Tax, etc. These taxes are levied by adding them to the price of the service or product which tends to push the cost of the product up.

Examples of indirect taxes:

These are some of the common indirect taxes that you pay.

a) Sales Tax:

ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱟᱦ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱟᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ. ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱚᱰᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ. This product can be something that was produced in India or imported and can even cover services rendered. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱤᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱣ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞ ᱟᱭᱟ,ᱚᱠᱟ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱷᱨᱤᱸᱧ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱥᱟᱸᱣ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟ,ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱮ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟ.

ᱢᱩᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ, ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱭ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮ ᱟᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱚᱫᱷᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱞᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱣᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱯᱨᱛᱤᱥᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ, ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱭ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ, ᱮᱯᱮᱢ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤ ᱦᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ . This is also the reason why sales tax is one of the largest revenue generators for various state governments. ᱥᱟᱸᱣᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱭ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ.

b) Service Tax:

ᱡᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱮᱠ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱴᱮᱠᱥ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱨᱣᱤᱥ ᱴᱮᱠᱥ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱟ. ᱵᱚᱡᱚᱴ2015,ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱮᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ 12.36% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 14% ᱦᱟᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟ. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱩᱜ ᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱣᱟ ᱮᱢᱮᱫ ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱯᱮᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱞ ᱡᱟᱨᱣᱟᱭᱟ. ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱡᱮ ᱥᱮᱣᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱢ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ ᱛᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱸᱦᱠᱤ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱮᱢᱟ.

ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱛᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱠ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱥᱛᱟᱨᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱮᱨ ᱟᱭᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱸᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱮᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟ. ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱸᱵᱚᱸᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱨᱮᱥᱛᱟᱨᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱢᱚᱴ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ 40% ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ.

•  ᱡᱤ. ᱮᱥ. ᱴᱤ. ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱫ ᱩᱯᱵᱷᱚᱜ- ᱜᱩᱰᱥ ᱮᱸᱰ ᱥᱟᱨᱣᱤᱥᱴᱮᱠᱥ:

ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ (ᱡᱤ. ᱮᱥ. ᱴᱤ) ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱛᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱴᱟᱢᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ25 ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ. ᱡᱤ. ᱮᱥ. ᱴᱤ. ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱯᱵᱷᱚᱜ-ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱤᱛ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱭ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ. ᱮᱢ ᱛᱤᱨᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱯᱵᱷᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱸᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤ. ᱮᱥ. ᱴᱤ. ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ. ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱡᱤ. ᱮᱥ. ᱴᱤ. ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱣᱟ ᱠᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱢ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱡᱤ. ᱮᱥ. ᱴᱤ. ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫ ᱜᱮᱴᱟ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟ, ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱡᱤ. ᱮᱥ. ᱴᱤ. ᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱴᱮᱠᱥ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱛᱚᱛᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱭᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱟᱵᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟ.

c) Value Added Tax:

ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱮ. ᱴᱤ. ᱚᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱤᱡ ᱴᱮᱠᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱴᱮᱰ (ᱤ. ᱡᱤ. ᱠᱟᱱᱟ). ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱛᱤ ᱨᱟᱱᱠᱚ) ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱞ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱟ. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱜᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ, ᱰᱤᱞᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱩᱴᱟᱹᱛ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱢ ᱛᱤᱨᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱸᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱛᱤ ᱟ.

The value added tax is a tax that is levied at the discretion of the state government and not all states implemented it when it was first announced. The tax is levied on various goods sold in the state and the amount of the tax is decided by the state itself. ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱡᱨᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱫᱟᱫ ᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱰᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱟ. 3 ᱥᱮᱰᱩᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱮᱰᱩᱞᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱧᱮ ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱮ. ᱴᱤ. ᱯᱨᱛᱤᱥᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟ. ᱟᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 3 ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱮ. ᱴᱤ. ᱫᱚ1% ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 2 ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱮ. ᱴᱤ. ᱫᱚ 5% ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ . ᱡᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱟᱱᱟᱪ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ. ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱮ. ᱴᱤ. 15% ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ.

d) Custom duty & Octroi:

ᱡᱟᱦᱸ ᱛᱤᱥ ᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱟ, ᱮᱢᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤ. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞᱚᱜ ᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱛ, ᱫᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱭᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱟ. ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱪ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱤᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ. ᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱢᱟ ᱥᱩᱞᱠ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟ. The purpose of the customs duty is to ensure that all the goods entering the country are taxed and paid for. ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ, ᱚᱠᱴᱨᱚᱭ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱢᱟ. It is levied by the state government and functions in much the same way as customs duty does.

e) Excise Duty:

This is a tax that is levied on all the goods manufactured or produced in India. It is different from customs duty because it is applicable only on things produced in India and is also known as the Central Value Added Tax or CENVAT. This tax is collected by the government from the manufacturer of the goods. It can also be collected from those entities that receive manufactured goods and employ people to transport the goods from the manufacturer to themselves.

ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱨᱤᱭ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱞᱟᱦ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ' ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱚᱫᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱜᱟᱣᱟ, ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱯᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱟ. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱷᱹᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱢᱟᱱ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱠ ᱟ.